时间-空间相关成像技术的反转模式在胎儿心血管成像中的应用进展

随着三维及四维超声技术的迅速发展,时间-空间相关成像技术(STIC)已成为研究胎儿心脏的一种相对成熟的技术,其多种成像模式可提供更多结构及血流的相关信息,为临床诊断提供依据。STIC技术的反转模式可更清晰、准确地呈现心室腔和血管腔的立体结构。本文就其在胎儿心血管系统中的研究进展进行综述。     

Physical Properties of Fluorosis Bone: Critical Comments

In 1976 Franke and co-workers reported a study of the physical properties of bone from patients who had been exposed to fluorine for many years.¹ In addition the ash from a rib and an iliac crest was examined and found to contain considerable amounts of fluorine. In the mechanical tests, determinations were made of the fracture load and bending strength of complete bones or parts of bones, and of the fracture load per unit of area and the modulus of elasticity of cylindrical test bodies made from bone specimens.     

Assessing production characteristics, influential factors and administrative policies in a multicenter dental organization

BackgroundIn multicenter service organizations, managers often make centralized decisions without considering the effects of differing production characteristics and influential factors on each center.MethodsIn this study, the author examines differences in production characteristics and factors that influence production, as well as their likely effect on policy formulation, in a large, six-center dental group in the Chicago area.ResultsThe results of the study show that the six centers (in two groups) exhibited two distinct production patterns, with three having logarithmic distributions and three having normal distributions. Production differences between the groups likely resulted from differences in managed care, staffing and dental procedures performed.ConclusionsInstead of being monolithic, the organization exhibited two types of centers, each with its own production characteristics and factors that influenced production.Practice ImplicationsThe study results suggest that large service corporations and partnerships would benefit from conducting analyses of production characteristics and factors that influence production before making policy decisions that affect the entire organization.     

Symptômes psychotiques dans l’épisode maniaque. Un regard de psychiatre libéral

Private practice requires particular vigilance with regard to signs of mood instability in patients with bipolar disorders, in particular the manic aspect, because of the risk of disruption in care. Between the episodes, psychotic symptoms can be sequels or prodroms and, if so, often stereotyped from one episode to the next. During the manic episode, mood-congruent symptoms (grandiosity, possessing superpowers, having a special relationship with God or with celebrities) are most common, but mood-incongruent symptoms (delusions of persecution, auditory hallucinations, first-rank Schneiderian symptoms) are not uncommon. In the absence of delusions or hallucinations, the clinician must be alert to a decline in insight, or when the patient shows symptoms of formal thought disturbances. For certain classical authors, mania was, by itself, a psychotic experience. The relationship between the severity of mania and the existence of psychotic symptoms is strong, but not exclusive. Some patients that have not completely stopped their treatment can have moderate symptoms of mania, albeit with some psychotic symptoms. Congruent and non-congruent psychotic symptoms may persist beyond the manic episode, raising the question of schizoaffective (SA) disorder when elements of a diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia are met. SA is a disputed diagnostic category, whose stability over time is unsatisfactory. The management of psychotic symptoms with mania is difficult in private practice: a clinical case of a female bipolar patient with erotomania before and during manic episodes illustrates the difficulties of management when the patient's insight fluctuates. The side-effects of treatments, a hypomanic switch, induced by an antidepressant despite two mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate), followed by a period of mood instability and a lack of medical coordination had contributed to an interruption in care. Statistical multivariate analyses and the grouping of symptoms and patients together with factor and network analyses suggest a partial independence of psychotic symptoms from other manic symptoms and, in cluster analyses, the likelihood of a subgroup of manic patients with psychotic symptoms.     

缺血性脑卒中患者发病节气与证型的相关性研究

目的 探究缺血性脑卒中发病节气与证型的相关性。方法 选取2021年天津中医药大学第一附属医院住院病历系统中4 838例缺血性脑卒中患者,使用频数分布统计法对其性别、年龄、发病节气、中医证型等信息进行分析,计算患者的发病日期对应的发病节气,然后分析缺血性脑卒中的发病节气与中医证型的相关性;使用圆形分布统计法探究发病节气、中医证型的高峰点。结果 4 838例患者中,男性3 233例（66.8%）,女性1 605例（33.2%）;60~69岁有1 814例（37.5%）,为发病人数最多的年龄段;阴虚动风证2 268例（46.9%）,风痰阻络证1 231例（25.4%）,两者为最常见的证型;清明为发病率最高的节气,总体发病节气无绝对高峰期,惊蛰为阴虚动风证发病高峰,小满为风痰阻络证发病高峰。结论 缺血性脑卒中患者男性多于女性,60~69岁年龄段发病人数最多,整体发病不存在绝对高峰节气,阴虚动风、风痰阻络两种证型的发病存在高峰期,阴虚动风证的发病高峰节气是惊蛰,风痰阻络证的发病高峰节气为小满,提示二十四节气内均可发病,重点人群要积极且持续的预防。     

M0期结直肠癌淋巴结外肿瘤种植的相关因素分析

目的研究结直肠癌淋巴结外肿瘤种植的影响因素。方法收集2012年1月至2014年1月249例行结直肠癌根治术病人的临床病理资料,其中男性139例,女性110例,中位年龄55岁(26~81岁);结肠癌102例,直肠癌147例;隆起型86例,溃疡型93例,浸润型70例。高分化80例,中分化102例,低分化和未分化67例。按美国癌症联合委员会(AJCC)和国际抗癌联盟(UICC)第7版TNM分期:I期55例、Ⅱ期65例、Ⅲ期129例。分析其对结直肠癌淋巴结外肿瘤种植的影响。应用SPSS(19.0版)统计软件进行统计学分析,采用卡方检验进行单因素分析,Logistic回归模型进行多因素相关分析,P=0.05为检验水准。结果入组的结直肠癌淋巴结外肿瘤种植率为17.8%(44/249);单因素分析结果显示肿瘤分化程度(P=0.0()1)、浸润深度(P=0.000)、阳性淋巴结数(P=0.000)、脉管浸润(P=0.014)、神经周围浸润(P=0.000)与淋巴结外肿瘤种植密切相关。多因素分析结果显示,与结直肠癌淋巴结外肿瘤种植相关因素的相关程度依次为:神经周围浸润(P=0.001,OR=5.401,95%CI:1.930-15.117)、脉管浸润(P=0.002,OR=3.581,95%CI:1.609-7.968)。结论结直肠癌的神经周围浸润和脉管浸润是淋巴结外肿瘤种植最主要影响因素。     

Multisample adjusted U‐statistics that account for confounding covariates

Multisample U‐statistics encompass a wide class of test statistics that allow the comparison of 2 or more distributions. U‐statistics are especially powerful because they can be applied to both numeric and nonnumeric data, eg, ordinal and categorical data where a pairwise similarity or distance‐like measure between categories is available. However, when comparing the distribution of a variable across 2 or more groups, observed differences may be due to confounding covariates. For example, in a case‐control study, the distribution of exposure in cases may differ from that in controls entirely because of variables that are related to both exposure and case status and are distributed differently among case and control participants. We propose to use individually reweighted data (ie, using the stratification score for retrospective data or the propensity score for prospective data) to construct adjusted U‐statistics that can test the equality of distributions across 2 (or more) groups in the presence of confounding covariates. Asymptotic normality of our adjusted U‐statistics is established and a closed form expression of their asymptotic variance is presented. The utility of our approach is demonstrated through simulation studies, as well as in an analysis of data from a case‐control study conducted among African‐Americans, comparing whether the similarity in haplotypes (ie, sets of adjacent genetic loci inherited from the same parent) occurring in a case and a control participant differs from the similarity in haplotypes occurring in 2 control participants.     

A study on craniofacial morphology of Japanese subjects with normal occlusion and esthetic profile

This study was designed to properly characterize the cephalometric values of Japanese individuals with both normal occlusion and esthetic profiles. Multivariate statistics were applied to analyze the collected data. Cephalometric values identified are expected to help in the simplification of orthodontic diagnosis. Lateral cephalometric radiographs from 50 men and 50 women with normal occlusion were traced and the dimensions of hard and soft tissues recorded. The corresponding values were classified by cluster analysis, and selected representative values were subjected to principal component analysis. From these values, characteristics of hard and soft tissue morphology were extracted. The subjects were grouped by sex, and subdivided into esthetic and unesthetic profile groups. The principal component scores from each group were plotted on a scattergram and the characteristics of each group investigated. The hard tissue characteristics in men with esthetic profiles were primarily vertical factors, including a tendency for smaller lower facial heights, a smaller mandibular plane angle, and a larger Nasion-ANS/ANS-Menton (N-ANS/ANS-Me). Soft tissue features included a more posteriorly placed maxilla and a high nasal crest. These features yield a less marked maxillary prognathism and a greater nose prominence. In females, hard tissue characteristics associated with esthetic profiles primarily involved the cranial base and posterior facial area. These included a smaller saddle angle, larger articulare angle, and smaller Sella-Articulare/Articlare-Gonion (S-Ar/Ar-Go). Female soft tissue characteristics primarily included retracted upper and lower lips, a shallow inferior sulcus with a smaller lower lip-Frankfort plane angle, and a shorter mentolabial sulcus and subnasale perpendicular-upper lip.     

秩和比法在医学护理领域应用的研究进展

秩和比法是一种常用的综合评价方法，在国内医学统计领域已发展得十分成熟。近年来，随着护理及社区卫生的发展，该法也逐渐应用于护理工作质量与社区卫生服务的综合评价中，本文综述了秩和比法的发展及近年来在医学领域的应用，为广大护理同行在该法的应用方面提供参考。